Inner Ear Infection Symptoms for Adults

Adults with an inner ear infection, also called labyrinthitis, experience symptoms ranging from minor dizziness to debilitating spells of vertigo. Inner ear infections occur deep inside the ear in the structure called the labyrinth, which controls balance. Labyrinthitis is not as common as middle ear infections and has no known cause; however, an upper respiratory infection, cold or flu can trigger it. A doctor diagnoses this condition through physical examination and medical history.

Symptoms

• The primary symptom of an inner ear infection in an adult is vertigo, the feeling of uncontrolled whirling or spinning. This feeling of motion occurs when you stand or sit still and can include the sensation of tilting or falling. Vertigo often leads to nausea, vomiting and difficulty walking or standing.


• Vertigo, associated with an inner ear infection, comes without warning. It commonly begins within 1 to 2 weeks after a viral infection such as the cold or flu. Vertigo spells can last for a few days or weeks depending on the severity of the infection. Minor vertigo symptoms that occur with sudden head movement can last for months.


• Tinnitus, a ringing in the ear, and sudden hearing loss have also been reported with patients suffering from an inner ear infection. These symptoms often resolve after a few weeks.

Causes of Symptoms

The primary cause of the symptoms associated with labyrinthitis is swelling and inflammation of the labyrinth. The labyrinth, located deep inside the ear, controls balance and responds to infection by swelling and placing pressure on the vestibular nerve. This inflammation response causes the vestibular nerve to relay the wrong signals to the brain about the body’s movement. The brain becomes confused when signals from other senses, such as vision, do not match the vestibular nerve's signals and results in vertigo.

Treatment

Inner ear infections often resolve themselves within a few weeks. A doctor may prescribe a steroid to reduce inflammation. Antihistamines, antiemetics and sedatives help control vomiting and nausea caused by vertigo. Over-the-counter pain relievers help relieve pain and discomfort.