Principles for Teaching ESL

Each ESL teacher has his or her own method of instruction. However, certain principles for teaching ESL are universal and enhance the learning experience. Creating engaging ESL learning environments, speaking primarily in English and giving continual feedback are essential teaching strategies.   

• Create an encouraging and supportive learning environment. Learning a new language can be challenging and confusing. Too much criticism or lack of praise may lead to discouragement. Providing positive feedback helps to boost motivation.


• Limit usage of other languages. Teaching ESL, in some cases, may require translating words into another language, particularly for beginning learners. However, excessive translation keeps learners rooted in their own language and unable to switch completely to speaking English.


• Strengthen all forms of English communication. Reading, writing, listening and speaking are all important activities when learning English. The ideal classroom engages learners in all communication methods.


• Introduce and define new vocabulary. For example, before reading a story, review advanced vocabulary to enhance student comprehension.


• Keep ESL lessons relevant to students' lives. If a student is learning conversational English, topics might include ordering a meal, meeting a new person, calling a friend over the phone or asking someone on the street for directions. It's best to avoid technical terms that are irrelevant to learners.


• Maintain an interactive environment. Language learning requires conversation, asking questions and formulating answers. Ideally, instructors are guides in the classroom rather than lecturers. Taking the class on an outing is one way to allow learners to interact with one another, other people and the teacher.