Thymus Gland Disorders

The organs of the body are subject to deterioration and attack from outside invaders and the development of abnormal cells.  They are also, however, subject to anomalies and disorders that are either present from birth or progressively develop as the individual matures.

The thymus gland, located above the pericardium between the neck and chest, is subject to several different disorders. 

Cysts

Cervical thymic cysts (CTC) are lesions that form very rarely.  They are either without symptoms or they cause swelling in the neck.  The only treatment is surgical removal.  The proximity of the cyst(s) to other internal organs affects the difficulty of the surgery.  Histology tests are necessary to confirm the diagnosis of CTC as opposed to other types of cysts.

Undescended Thymus

Undescened thymus, also known as ectopic thymus, is a condition characterized incorrect placement and additional tissue growth.  The will become noticeable during childhood, possibly as a result of swelling in the neck.

Accessory Thymus Mass

It is not uncommon for an additional thymus mass to develop in proximity to the thymus gland.  No medical treatment is necessary, provided that the mass causes no issues with surrounding structures.

Thymic Agenesis

During the embryonic stages of growth the thymus fails to develop.  The result is thymic agenesis, or absence of the thymus gland.  Without the gland the immune system cannot function.  Individuals with condition are susceptible to infections that can easily result in death.  Thymus transplant is the only treatment option.

Thymic Aplasia

A very small or underdeveloped thymus gland characterizes thymic aplasia. As with agenesis, the individual is highly susceptible to infection.  Thymus transplant or implant is a treatment option, which boosts the body's production of immune cells.