What Are Biofeedback Techniques?
Biofeedback describes procedures used to train people to change physiological functions you are not normally aware of, such as skin temperature, muscle tension, blood pressure, heart rate and brain waves. It is an alternative treatment technique that doesn't require the use of needles or medication. Instead it encourages listening to your body as the main part of the healing process.
There are several different biofeedback techniques. Different techniques are used to treat different illnesses, including major headaches, circulatory disorders, epilepsy, cardiac arrhythmia, high/low blood pressure, digestive system disorders and even paralysis or other movement disorders.
Thermal Biofeedback
Thermal biofeedback is the most common biofeedback technique. The focus is altering hand temperature. A small device, known as a thermistor, tracks changes in temperature. It is attached to one finger on the dominant hand and the goal is to decrease or increase your hand's temperature. This particular biofeedback has been proven useful in treating migraines and Raynaud's phenomena.
Electromyography (EMG) Biofeedback
EMG Biofeedback uses a surface EMG to measure stress and muscle tension. Pads are placed on the skin to measure electrical responses and the results indicate the level of tension so that it can be monitored and reviewed, and hopefully controlled. This method is used to treat stress, incontinence, migraines, tension, and Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI). It is also used to assist with short-term relaxation.
Neurofeedback (NFB or EEG Biofeedback)
Neurofeedback aims to control central nervous system activity through the use of sensors placed on the scalp. These sensors display electroencephalography, or electrical activity, due to the firing of neurons through videos or sound. This technique challenges the brain to perform better, and is used for ADD, Anxiety-Depression spectrum, seizures and addictions. It is also being tested for use with disruptive behavior disorders, Asperger's or Autism spectrum, bipolar disorder, learning disabilities such as dyslexia, sleep disorders, stroke, post-traumatic stress disorder, premenstrual syndrome, menopause, chronic pain or migraines, and even Parkinson's and dementia or other age-related cognitive decline.
Galvanic Skin Response (Electrodermal Response or EDR)
The Galvanic skin response measures the skin's electrical conductance. It is normal for a slight electrical current to run through our skin. Salt and water changes in our sweat glands are measured by a machine which shows conductivity in our skin based on our emotional responses; the greater our emotional response, the higher the conductivity. This method of biofeedback has successfully treated phobias, excessive sweating, stuttering and anxiety.