About HIV/AIDS

Even though there have been several advances in the prevention and treatment of HIV and AIDS since the disease was first recognized in 1981, many people still have questions about HIV and AIDS. Within this article you will find some helpful information to assist you with answering some of these questions. 

What are HIV and AIDS?

HIV is the human immunodeficiency virus. This virus can eventually lead to acquired immune deficiency syndrome, or AIDS. There are two variances of HIV, HIV-1 and HIV-2. Both types of HIV can damage an individual's body by destroying certain blood cells, called CD4+ T cells, which are essential to helping the body fight various diseases. AIDS is the later stage of HIV. When the virus has turned to AIDS, the immune system is severely damaged and the individual has difficulty fighting diseases and certain forms of cancer.

Where did HIV and AIDS come from?

Scientists have identified a particular type of chimpanzee, found in West Africa, as the source of HIV infections in humans. It is believed that the chimpanzee version of the immunodeficiency virus (called simian immunodeficiency virus) was likely transmitted to humans when they began hunting these chimpanzees for meat and came in contact with their infected blood. Over several decades, the virus slowly spread from Africa to various parts of the world.

What are some of the ways HIV and AIDS are spread?

• Not using a condom when having sexual intercourse with an individual who is infected with HIV. Unprotected anal sex and male-on-male sex have an increased risk of infection.


• Having multiple sexual partners.


• Sharing syringes, needles or other paraphernalia used for the injection of illicit drugs.


• Being born to a mother who is infected with HIV. The virus can be passed during pregnancy, birth or breast-feeding.


• Receiving blood transfusions or organ transplants that have been infected with HIV.

What are some of the symptoms associated with HIV and AIDS?

• Extreme weakness or fatigue


• Rapid weight loss


• Recurring fevers that last for several weeks without explanation


• Swollen lymph glands


• Chronic diarrhea


• A cough that will not go away


• Trouble remembering things

Is there a cure?

Currently there is no cure available for individuals who have contracted the virus. The only way to stay safe is to understand how the virus is transmitted and to take the necessary precautions in order to prevent infection.

How are you tested for HIV and AIDS?

Doctors may take a sample of blood or swab inside of your cheek in order to test for the presence of the virus. Depending on the method of testing, results are confirmed within a few hours to several days.