About a Colonoscopy
A colonoscopy is an important diagnostic test that can screen for early signs of colorectal cancer, ulcers, inflammation and abnormal growths. It is recommended that most people begin receiving routine colonoscopies at the age of 50. Sometimes it is necessary to begin earlier if there is a family history of cancer or other risk factors.
Preparing for a Colonoscopy
The process of preparing for a colonoscopy is called a bowel prep. In order to empty all solids from the gastrointestinal tract, a clear liquid diet should be followed for one to three days before the procedure. Avoid drinking beverages containing red or purple dye. Water, plain coffee or tea, Gatorade, fat-free broth and gelatin are acceptable liquids that can be consumed. A laxative or enema may also be required the night before the colonoscopy. The doctor will provide written instructions on how to prepare for the procedure.
What to Expect During the Procedure
The patient lies on their left side on an exam table during the procedure. A sedative and pain medication may be administered to help the patient relax. Vital signs are monitored and the patient is kept as comfortable as possible. The colonscope, a flexible lighted tube with a camera on the end, is inserted into the anus, guided through the rectum and into the colon. Using carbon dioxide gas, the colon is inflated to give the doctor the best view possible. The camera sends video images to a computer screen in the exam room. This allows the doctor to examine the lining of the large intestine. The scope is inserted until it reaches the opening of the small intestine. It is then slowly withdrawn. During the colonoscopy, the doctor can remove polyps and perform biopsies of abnormal tissues. These can be analyzed later in the lab for signs of disease.
Recovery
It is possible to experience cramping or bloating immediately after the procedure and the sedative takes a few hours to wear off. The patient is usually allowed to leave the clinic a few hours after the procedure is complete. Full recovery is expected by the next day. Due to the sedative, the patient will not be allowed to drive home and should plan to have someone pick them up from the clinic.