Materials Used to Make Athletic Shoes

Athletic shoes use a variety of materials in their construction. However, most brands use similar materials in their manufacturing process. Regardless of the brand, each component is designed to serve a specific purpose. These include support, protection and comfort for the athlete.

The Upper
The top of the shoe, called the upper, covers the biggest part of the foot. It can be made of man-made or natural materials.

• Synthetic is widely used as the upper part of an athletic shoe for the sides, top and tongue. The materials can include nylon and man-made leather styles. Synthetic is lightweight and provides air circulation for the foot.

• Canvas is used to make lightweight tennis shoes. While these shoes offer comfort, they are not very durable and don't afford much protection to the foot.

• Leather athletic shoes are more durable than other types and tend to conform to the foot with continued use.

The Sole

Soles of athletic shoes contain three parts distinct parts: the insole, midsole and outsole. Each is made of a different material.

• Vinyl is the material of choice for construction of insole components. The insole is the interior bottom of the shoe and sits just beneath the foot. Vinyl mesh is often used to make this layer. The job of the insole is to provide support and flexibility for the foot during physical activity.

• Polyurethane is typically used to make the gel or foam midsole of the shoe. This is directly beneath the heel. The job of the midsole is to provide cushioning, much like a shock absorber for the feet during gound impact exercises such as jogging.

• Rubber makes the construction of the outsole, which is the outer most visible sole on the shoe. Depending on the type of athletic shoe, the outsole can be constructed of hard or soft rubber. Harder rubber provides longer wear and offers a firmer base for running. Soft outsoles are more comfort with flexibility, but are not as durable.